German Contact Point for Collections from Colonial Contexts: Benin-Bronzes in Germany




Linden-Museum Stuttgart: 005373 License: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)

Object Name	Commemorative (copper alloy) sculpture for a Queen Mother (Iyoba).
Description	This ancestor head was cast in memory of a deceased queen mother. She can be recognized by the typical conical braid hairstyle covered by a beaded cap. On the forehead there are raised decorative scars, as well as a large pearl, which refers to the proverb: "You can never touch the forehead of a leopard". After 1550, these ancestor heads show less and less individual facial features, but are more to be understood as an idealized portrait with status symbols and insignia of rulership. The mother of the reigning king represented an important counterweight to his power. She resided in her own palace, administered her own province, spoke up for petitioners, and could also grant political asylum. Text: Dietmar Neitzke.
Type	Plastik
Materials	Copper alloy
Size, Dimensions	Height: 58 cm. Diameter: 33 cm.
Dating of Object

Museum	Linden-Museum Stuttgart
Museum Inv.-No	005373
Collector	Felix von Luschan (Berlin) purchased a large number of royal objects produced in the Benin Kingdom and sold parts of the collection to other museums. The objects reserved for Stuttgart were paid by Karl Knorr (Heilbronn, Germany).
Acquisition date	1899
Circumstances of acquisition	In October 1898, the Hamburg company "H. Bey & Co" offered the Berlin Ethnological Museum a Benin collection that came directly from Africa. However, due to a lack of funds, the entire collection could not be purchased and was therefore to be passed on to other interested parties. Felix von Luschan of the Berlin Museum therefore informed Karl Graf von Linden in November 1898, and offered him a right of first refusal. The Linden Museum then made 15,000 M available for the purchase of objects. The purchase price was paid by the Heilbronn entrepreneur Karl Knorr, which is why the collection became known as "Die Karl Knorr'sche Sammlung von Benin-Altertümern". Von Luschan published a detailed description of the collection under the same title (1901) on behalf of Count Linden and Knorr. Other buyers of the collection included the museums in Vienna and Munich, but also people such as Hans Meyer (Leipzig) and Eugen Rautenstrauch (Cologne). Text: Markus Himmelsbach.

Notes

Status	restituted
Date of last status change	14 December 2022
Current ownership	Federal Republic of Nigeria
Holding institution	National Commission for Museums and Monuments (NCMM, Nigeria)
Current location	Linden Museum Stuttgart (permanent loan)